Resources

Revised 2021

Note: This guide specification is for applications in the U.S. of concrete pavers adhered with a neoprene mastic to a bitumen-sand setting bed and tack coat over a concrete or asphalt base. This construction assembly is for pedestrian and vehicular areas. This Section includes the term “Architect.” Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The terms concrete pavers, paving units, and units are used interchangeably. This specification does not apply to larger paving slabs because they do not conform to the dimensional requirements of ASTM C936. Segmental concrete paving slabs should comply with ASTM C1782.

The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. CMHA makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

Revised 2021

Note: This guide specification is for applications in the U.S. of concrete pavers adhered with a neoprene mastic to a bitumen-sand setting bed and tack coat over a concrete or asphalt base. This construction assembly is for pedestrian and vehicular areas. This Section includes the term “Architect.” Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The terms concrete pavers, paving units, and units are used interchangeably. This specification does not apply to larger paving slabs because they do not conform to the dimensional requirements of ASTM C936. Segmental concrete paving slabs should comply with ASTM C1782.

The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. CMHA makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

Note: This guide specification for concrete paver applications in Canada for concrete pavers and bedding sand over a compacted aggregate base for pedestrian and vehicular applications. This version is similar to the CMHA guide spec, CAN-pavers on agg base. doc and adds submittals that comply with LEED v4.1 for new construction (NC). The list of LEED submittals in Part 1.03, D6 may be used in other CMHA guide specifications. This Section includes the term “Architect.” Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract.

The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. CMHA makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

Revised 2020

Note: This guide specification for the U.S. is for the installation of concrete tile paving units generally 3/4 to 2 in. (20 to 50 mm) thick. These thicknesses are less than the minimum 2 3/8 in. (60 mm) required for conformance to ASTM C936. Regardless of thickness differences, the manufacturing process is very similar to that used to make 2 3/8 in. (60 mm) thick pavers meeting ASTM C936.

There are two installation methods, one with bedding sand and another with none. Both methods are applied over a concrete or cement-stabilized aggregate base. This method of construction is for new or rehabilitative overlay on concrete pool decks, other decks, patios, walks, balconies and roofs. These two installation methods are described in this guide specification and are intended for pedestrian use only.

Construction on a concrete base requires securing edge pavers with an acrylic-fortified mortar bed (thin-set mortar) or a polymer adhesive. A smooth concrete base can allow pavers placed directly on concrete. Fine sand is spread and washed into the joints until full. This method typically moves some sand under the pavers to reduce or eliminate rocking. Most applications are sealed as a means to secure sand in the joints.

Other installations use a thin layer of screeded bedding sand typically ½ to ¾ in. thick. This is screeded within the fastened edge pavers. After placing pavers on the sand, they may be proof rolled with a water-filled roller to imbed them into the bedding sand. The joints are filled with sand. Both installation methods may use polymeric joint sand stabilizer. Adjustments in elevations any surface drain inlets are necessary to facilitate drainage of water from the new, elevated paver surface.

This Section includes the term “Architect.” Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. CMHA makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

Revised 2020

Note: This guide specification for the U.S is for paving slabs used as ballast and/or paving on pedestrian plaza roof deck applications with a free draining aggregate setting bed and joints. Slabs installed with this method are not recommended for vehicular traffic. Slabs larger than 12 x 12 in. (300 x 300 mm) are typically placed on pedestals. See detail drawing ICPI-63.

This Section includes the term “Architect.” Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. CMHA makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

Note: This guide specification for Canada is for paving slabs used as ballast and/or paving on pedestrian plaza roof deck applications with a free draining aggregate setting bed and joints. Slabs installed with this method are not recommended for vehicular traffic. Slabs larger than 300 x 300 mm are typically placed on pedestals. See detail drawing ICPI-63.

This Section includes the term “Architect.” Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. CMHA makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

Revised 2021

NOTE: This guide specification for the U.S. is for paving slabs on a sand bed over a compacted aggregate base for residential and commercial pedestrian, and residential driveway applications. Excavation and preparation of soil subgrade, subgrade drainage and the aggregate base are by others. Paving slabs installed on compacted aggregate bases with sand bedding subject to very limited vehicular traffic should be at least 3 1/8 in. (80 mm) thick. Thicker units will resist cracking under vehicular loads.

This Section includes the term “Architect.” Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. CMHA makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

NOTE: This guide specification for Canada is for paving slabs on a sand bed over a compacted aggregate base for residential and commercial pedestrian, and residential driveway applications. Excavation and preparation of soil subgrade, subgrade drainage and the aggregate base are by others. Paving slabs installed on compacted aggregate bases with sand bedding subject to very limited vehicular traffic should be at least 80 mm thick. Thicker units will resist cracking under vehicular loads.

This Section includes the term “Architect.” Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. CMHA makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

Revised 2020

Note: This guide specification for the U.S. is for concrete paving slabs mortared to a concrete base with mortared joints for exterior applications. Slabs installed with this method recommended for areas subject to pedestrian traffic only. This Section includes the term “Architect.” Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. CMHA makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

There are two methods used for mortared applications of concrete paving slabs. They are (1) setting pavers on a thick workable latex-fortified mortar bed and (2) sometimes applying a bond coat and then a thin layer of latex-fortified mortar. The latter procedure is called term “thin set.” Both methods place mortar on a cured concrete base.

The installation methods referenced in this guide specification are found in ANSI Specifications for Installation of Ceramic Tile and the Tile Council of America’s Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation. Reading these references is a prerequisite to using this guide specification. Mortar manufacturers can provide additional guidance on selection and installation of their products depending on which installation method is chosen. Grout in this guide specification refers to mortar used to fill paver joints.

Revised 2021

Note: This guide specification for use in the U.S. for paving slabs on a sand bed over concrete for pedestrian applications. Paving slabs no larger than 12 x 12 in. (300 x 300 mm) paving slabs are recommended for this type of sand-set application. If larger slabs are specified, cement mixed in the bedding sand is recommended (sometimes called “dry pack”) or adhered on a bitumensand setting bed. The latter installation method is preferred. Slabs installed with bedding sand, dry pack or sand-bitumen bedding methods are should be exposed to very limited vehicular traffic. See detail drawing ICPI-64.

This Section includes the term “Architect.” Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. ICPI makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

Note: This guide specification for use in Canada for paving slabs on a sand bed over concrete for pedestrian applications. Paving slabs no larger than 300 x 300 mm paving slabs are recommended for this type of sand-set application. If larger slabs are specified, cement mixed in the bedding sand is recommended (sometimes called “dry pack”) or adhered on a bitumen-sand setting bed. The latter installation method is preferred. Slabs installed with bedding sand, dry pack or sand-bitumen bedding methods are should be exposed to very limited vehicular traffic. See detail drawing ICPI-64.

This Section includes the term “Architect.” Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. ICPI makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

Revised 2021

Note: This guide specification for U.S. applications describes construction of permeable interlocking concrete pavers on a permeable, open-graded crushed stone bedding layer (typically ASTM No. 8 stone). This 2 in. (50 mm) layer is placed over an open-graded base (typically No. 57 stone, 4 in. or 100 mm thick) and a subbase (typically No. 2 stone or similar sized material such as No. 3 or 4 stone). The pavers and bedding layer are placed over an open-graded crushed stone base with exfiltration to the soil subgrade. In low infiltration soils or installations with impermeable liners, some or all drainage is directed to an outlet via perforated underdrains in the subbase. While this guide specification does not cover excavation, liners and underdrains, notes are provided on these aspects.

Edit this specification term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. CMHA makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.

Note: This guide specification for Canadian applications describes construction of permeable interlocking concrete pavers on a permeable, open-graded crushed stone bedding layer (typically ASTM No. 8 stone). This 50 mm layer is placed over an opengraded base (typically No. 57 stone, 100 mm thick) and a subbase (typically No. 2 stone or similar sized material such as No. 3 or 4 stone). The pavers and bedding layer are placed over an open-graded crushed stone base with exfiltration to the soil subgrade. In low infiltration soils or installations with impermeable liners, some or all drainage is directed to an outlet via perforated underdrains in the subbase. While this guide specification does not cover excavation, liners and underdrains, notes are provided on these aspects.

Edit this specification term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract. The text must be edited by a qualified, licensed design professional to suit specific project requirements. CMHA makes no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, and disclaims any liability for damages resulting in the use of this guide construction specification.